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  • Faculty of Pharmacy
  • Course Structure Diagram with Credits
  • Clinical Biochemistry
  • Learning Outcomes
  • Description
  • Content
  • Learning Outcomes
  • Learning Activities and Teaching Methods
  • Course's Contribution to Prog.
  • Assessment Methods

  • Will be able to explain Clinical Biochemistry.
  • Defines Clinical Biochemistry.
  • Explains the basic components of Clinical Biochemistry.
  • Lists the considerations for selecting analytical methods.
  • Defines reference values.
  • Explains the information systems used in Clinical Laboratories.
  • Explains the variables that may affect Clinical Laboratory test results.
  • Will be able to explain nucleic acid metabolism disorders.
  • Knows the classification of nucleic acid metabolism disorders.
  • Classifies and explains purine and pyrimidine metabolism disorders.
  • Lists and explains the clinical findings and causes of hyperuricemia.
  • Explains the causes of hyperuricemia complications.
  • Lists and explains the clinical findings and causes of hypouricemia.
  • Will be able to explain amino acid dysfunctions.
  • Classifies amino acid metabolism diseases.
  • Knows the amino acids that are particularly important in amino acid metabolism disorders.
  • Knows which enzyme is deficient in amino acid metabolism disorders.
  • Classifies Phenylketonuria (PKU) and is knowledgeable about its treatment.
  • Classifies Tyrosinemia disease.
  • Knows which enzyme is deficient in Alkaptonuria disease.
  • Knows the enzyme deficiency in Albinism metabolic disorder.
  • Knows the enzyme deficiency in Cystinuria metabolic disorder.
  • Knows the enzyme deficiency in Maple Syrup Disease metabolic disorder.
  • Comments on the consequences of untreated amino acid metabolism diseases.
  • Will be able to explain hemoglobin metabolism disorders.
  • Classifies hemoglobin compounds.
  • Knows hemoglobin metabolism disorders.
  • Explains and classifies hemoglobinopathy, an inherited hemoglobin disorder.
  • Classifies and explains porphyrias, inherited disorders in heme biosynthesis.
  • Knows the fate of bilirubin formed during hemoglobin breakdown.
  • Classifies hyperbilirubinemias.
  • Can discuss the elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood.
  • Lists the causes of iron deficiency and knows its pathological consequences.
  • Classifies anemias caused by iron deficiency.
  • Lists conditions associated with iron excess.
  • Lists the pathological consequences associated with iron excess.
  • Lists and explains the parameters used to evaluate iron metabolism.
  • Will be able to explain enzymes and their clinical significance.
  • Lists clinically important enzymes.
  • Lists the factors that affect blood enzyme levels.
  • Will be able to explain liver, cardiac, and skeletal enzymes (Transaminases, Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Alkaline Phosphatase).
  • Explains the function of enzymes.
  • Explains the clinical significance of enzymes.
  • Explains the methods for measuring enzymes.
  • Defines the reference ranges of enzymes.
  • Will be able to explain bile duct enzymes (5' nucleotidase, Gamma-glutamyl transferase).
  • Explains the function of enzymes.
  • Explains the clinical significance of enzymes.
  • Explains the methods for measuring enzymes.
  • Defines the reference ranges of enzymes.
  • Will be able to explain pancreatic digestive enzymes (Amylase, Lipase, Trypsin, Chymotrypsin).
  • Explains the function of enzymes.
  • Explains the clinical significance of enzymes.
  • Explains the methods for measuring enzymes.
  • Defines the reference ranges of enzymes.
  • Will be able to explain other clinically significant enzymes (Acid phosphatase, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Cholinesterase, Glutamate dehydrogenase, Isocitrate dehydrogenase).
  • Explains the function of enzymes.
  • Explains the clinical significance of enzymes.
  • Explains the methods for measuring enzymes.
  • Defines the reference ranges of enzymes.
  • Will be able to explain blood glucose homeostasis.
  • Lists the sources of blood glucose.
  • Explains the role of the liver in blood glucose homeostasis.
  • Lists the hormones involved in blood glucose homeostasis.
  • Explains the relationships between glucose, free fatty acids, and ketone bodies.
  • Lists carbohydrate metabolism diseases.
  • Will be able to explain Diabetes Mellitus.
  • Defines Diabetes Mellitus.
  • Classifies Diabetes Mellitus.
  • Explains the pathogenesis of Type I Diabetes Mellitus.
  • Explains the pathogenesis of Type II Diabetes Mellitus.
  • Explains insulin resistance.
  • Explains the diagnostic criteria for Diabetes Mellitus.
  • Explains the biochemical parameters associated with the diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and their clinical use.
  • Lists the applications of Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT).
  • Explains how to perform the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and the important considerations.
  • Explains Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
  • Lists the acute and chronic complications of diabetes.
  • Explains the biochemical parameters and clinical uses for determining and monitoring complications.
  • Defines the reference ranges for parameters associated with Diabetes Mellitus.
  • Will be able to explain hypoglycemia.
  • Defines hypoglycemia.
  • Lists the causes of hypoglycemia.
  • Explains inherited metabolic disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.
  • Evaluates laboratory findings.
  • Will be able to explain serum lipids, lipoproteins, and related diseases.
  • Explains the clinical significance of serum lipids.
  • Explains the relationship between cholesterol and atherosclerosis.
  • Explains the relationship between cholesterol and coronary heart disease.
  • Lists the risk factors for coronary heart disease.
  • Defines and classifies dyslipidemia.
  • Explains the etiology of dyslipidemia.
  • Explains the pathophysiology of dyslipidemia.
  • Defines the reference ranges for blood lipid levels.
  • Evaluates blood lipid parameters.
  • Will be able to explain thyroid dysfunctions.
  • Classifies thyroid dysfunctions.
  • Defines hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
  • Explains the etiology of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
  • Explains the pathophysiology of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
  • Lists the clinical findings of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
  • Will be able to explain the laboratory evaluation of thyroid functions.
  • Lists thyroid function tests.
  • Explains thyroid function tests.
  • Defines the reference ranges for parameters related to thyroid function.
  • Evaluates laboratory findings.
  • Will be able to explain deficiencies and disorders of fat-soluble vitamins.
  • Defines the deficiencies of fat-soluble vitamins and their causes.
  • Explains the clinical findings of A, D, E, and K vitamin deficiencies.
  • Explains the clinical biochemistry significance of fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies.
  • Will be able to explain deficiencies and disorders of water-soluble vitamins.
  • Explains the clinical findings of B group vitamins and C vitamin deficiencies.
  • Evaluates the clinical biochemistry significance of water-soluble vitamin deficiencies.
  • Will be able to explain disorders of calcium homeostasis.
  • Explains hypercalcemia and its symptoms.
  • Lists the causes of hypercalcemia.
  • Explains hypocalcemia and its symptoms.
  • Lists the causes of hypocalcemia.
  • Explains the diagnostic criteria and laboratory tests used for calcium homeostasis disorders.
  • Will be able to explain disorders of phosphate homeostasis.
  • Defines hypophosphatemia and hyperphosphatemia and lists their causes.
  • Explains the diagnostic criteria and laboratory tests used for phosphate homeostasis disorders.
  • Will be able to explain metabolic bone disease.
  • Defines osteoporosis.
  • Explains the etiology of osteoporosis.
  • Explains the pathophysiology of osteoporosis.
  • Explains osteomalacia and rickets.
  • Explains Paget's disease.
  • Will be able to explain disorders of magnesium homeostasis.
  • Defines magnesium deficiency and hypermagnesemia and lists their causes.
  • Explains the diagnostic criteria and laboratory tests used for magnesium homeostasis disorders.
  • Will be able to explain disorders of sodium and water metabolism.
  • Explains the causes of sodium and water loss.
  • Lists the clinical and laboratory findings.
  • Lists the causes and clinical findings of water loss.
  • Defines hypernatremia and explains its causes.
  • Lists the causes and clinical findings of water excess.
  • Defines hyponatremia and explains its causes.
  • Explains the diagnostic criteria and laboratory tests used for disorders of sodium and water metabolism.
  • Will be able to explain potassium deficiency and hypokalemia.
  • Lists and explains the causes of potassium deficiency and hypokalemia.
  • Describes the clinical findings and laboratory investigation in potassium deficiency.
  • Lists and explains the causes of hyperkalemia.
  • Describes the clinical findings and laboratory investigation in hyperkalemia.
  • Explains the clinical findings and laboratory tests used in hyperkalemia.
  • Will be able to explain the clinical interpretation of tumor markers.
  • Gives examples of potential applications of tumor markers.
  • Explains the clinical significance of tumor markers.
  • Classifies tumor markers.
  • Knows and discusses the types of cancer in which tumor markers are elevated.
  • Knows the areas of application for tumor markers.
  • Provides commentary on the levels of tumor markers in the blood.

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