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Week - 1
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A summary of the achievements in natural science; Francis Bacon-Novum Organum- İdols; method in science. |
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Week - 2
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Descartes- Meditationes De Prima Philosophia; Discours de la Méthode: Knowledge; types of knowing |
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Week - 3
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Descartes- Meditationes De Prima Philosophia; Discours de la Méthode: Problem of Being, Substance and its types |
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Week - 4
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Spinoza-Ethica: What is Substance, what is attribute, and what is mode? (definitions) |
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Week - 5
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Spinoza-Ethica: types of knowing; affections; freedom-determinism |
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Week - 6
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Leibniz-Monadology: Monad; Preestablished harmony; The Principle of Sufficient Cause; indiscernibility of identicals, identity of indiscernibles; apperception; the best of the possible worlds |
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Week - 7
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Hobbes- Leviathan: Why and how is State both natural and artificial?, What is human nature and what is State of Nature?/ Locke- An Essay Concerning Human Understanding : the problem of the existence of innate ideas and tabula rasa; problem of knowledge |
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Week - 8
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Locke-Second Treatise On Government: civil disobedience, social contract, the problem of the legitimacy of state, the liberties and rights to life, liberty and property./ Berkeley-Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous, The Principles of Human Knowledge: Do empiricism and Subjective Idealism contradict? Why/why not? |
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Week - 9
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Hume-A Treatise of Human Nature: Impressions and ideas as the foundation of human knowledge; philosophical relations; causality; problem of induction; affections and habits. |
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Week - 10
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Rousseau-The Social Contract: State of Nature, society after the contract ; Republic, Generall Will; obeying the laws; freedom, basic human rights. The social contract theories and their impacts through Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau . |
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Week - 11
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Kant-Prolegomena: Noumenon-phenomenon distinciton, categories of the understanding, pure forms of intuition, the possibility of synthetic a priori knowledge, the antinomies of reason, the values of metaphysical knowledge (can we learn from metaphysics like we do from natural science or mathematics?) |
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Week - 12
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Kant- Grounding the Metaphysics of Morals: What is metaphysics of morals?; Can reason make laws?, What are the conditions for law making?; How and why is human being (able to be) free? |
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Week - 13
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Kant- What is Enlightenment? and Perpetual Peace : Kant’s attitude towards world politics and international relations and institutions. The influences of Kantian thought on political philosophy. |
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Week - 14
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Evaluation: Why is 17th century considered as a starting point for ‘Modern’ philosophy? |
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