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About the Programme Academic Staff Program Qualifications Lessons Matrix of Course & Program Qualifications Turkish Qualifications Framework (TQF) TQF & Program Qualifications
  1. Graduate School
  2. Department of Archaeology
  3. Phd in Archaeology
  4. Phd in Classical Archaeology
  5. Course Structure Diagram with Credits
  6. Settlements, Sacred Sites, and Defense Systems in Highlands of Phrygia
  7. Description
  • Description
  • Learning Outcomes
  • ECTS Credit Load
  • Course's Contribution to Program
  • Learning Outcomes & Program Qualifications
Last Updated: 30/09/2026

Code - Course Title Course Type Laboratory + Practice ECTS
ARK623 - Settlements, Sacred Sites, and Defense Systems in Highlands of Phrygia I. SEMESTER 2 +2 7.5
Language of Instruction Türkçe
Course Type Elective Courses
Course Instructor(s) PROF. DR. YUSUF POLAT
Mode of Delivery The mode of delivery of this course is face to face
Place of Delivery
Used Educational Platforms
Prerequisites There is no prerequisite or co-requisite for this course.
Courses Recomended There is no recommended optional programme component for this course.
Recommended Resources Aeneas Tacticus, Asclepiodus, Onasander. The Loeb Classical Library, London, 1923.Aristoteles, Politika/Politics, çev: H. Rackham, The Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, London, 1932.Diodorus Sıculus, Bibliotheke/Historike Diodoros of Siculus, çev: C.H. Oldfather, The Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, London, 1935. Herodotos, Historiai/Histories, çev: A.D. Godley, The Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, London, 1927.Pausanias, Description of Grecee, çev: W.H.S. Jones, The Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, Harvard University Press London, 1918.Philon, Poliorketika, Lawrence, A.W. içinde, Greek Aims in Fortification, Oxford, 1979.Plato, Laws, Books 1-6, The Loeb Classical Library, çev. R.G. Bury, London, 1967-68.Polybios, The Histories, çev: W.R. Paton), The Loeb Classical Library, London,1922.Strabon, Geographika, The Geography of Strabo, çev: H.L. Jones, The Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, London, 1929.Titus Livius, The History of Rome, Book 37, çev: Evan, T. Sage, The Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, London, 1935.Thukydides, History of Peleponnesian War, çev: C.F. Smith, The Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, London, 1956-1959. Vitruvius, de Arch. The Ten Books on Architecture, çev. M.H. Morgan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. London, 1914. Diodorus Sıculus, Bibliotheke/Historike Diodoros of Siculus, çev: C.H. Oldfather, The Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, London, 1935. Herodotos, Historiai/Histories, çev: A.D. Godley, The Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, London, 1927. Pausanias, Description of Grecee, çev: W.H.S. Jones, The Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, Harvard University Press London, 1918. Philon, Poliorketika, Lawrence, A.W. içinde, Greek Aims in Fortification, Oxford, 1979. Plato, Laws, Books 1-6, The Loeb Classical Library, çev. R.G. Bury, London, 1967-68. Polybios, The Histories, çev: W.R. Paton), The Loeb Classical Library, London,1922. Strabon, Geographika, The Geography of Strabo, çev: H.L. Jones, The Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, London, 1929. Titus Livius, The History of Rome, Book 37, çev: Evan, T. Sage, The Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, London, 1935. Thukydides, History of Peleponnesian War, çev: C.F. Smith, The Loeb Classical Library, Harvard University Press, London, 1956-1959.  Vitruvius, de Arch. The Ten Books on Architecture, çev. M.H. Morgan. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. London, 1914.Akarca, A. (1987). Yunan Arkeolojisinin Ana Çizgileri I, Şehir ve Savunması, TTK, VI, sayı: 15, Ankara.Lawrence, A.W. (1979). Greek Aims in Fortifications, Clarendon Press, Oxford.Mansel, A.M. (1991). Pamphylia Şehir Surları ve Kapıları, Atatürk Konferansları 1963, Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, 2. Baskı, Ankara, 215-234, Res. 1-44.Marsden, E. W. (1969). Greek and Roman Artillery, i. Historical Development, Oxford University Pres, London. Marsden, E. W. (1999). Greek and Roman Artillery, ii Historical Development, Oxford University Pres, London.McNicoll, A. (1997). Hellenistic Fortifications From The Aegean to The Euphrates, (Edidet: N.P.Milner), Clarendon Press, Oxford, New York.Schulz, A. V. (2000). Die Stadtmauern von Neandreia in der Troas, Asia Minor Studien, Band: 38, Bonn.Sokolicek, A. (2009). Diateichismata, Zu dem Phanomen innerer Befestigungsmauern im griechischen Stadtebau, Österreichisces Archaologisches Institut, Heft 11, Wien.Winter, F.E. (1971a). Greek Fortifications, University of Toronto Press, Toronto.Wycherley, R.E. (1993). Antik Çağda Kentler Nasıl Kuruldu ?, (Çev. N. Nirven- N. Başgelen), Arkeoloji ve Sanat Yayınları, İstanbul.
Work Placement N/A
Aims of the Course

Weeks Learning Outcomes Topics Teaching Methods
Week - 1 The History of Phrygian Studies • Ancient sources • Modern Phrygian studies • Regional archaeological approaches
Week - 2 The Geography and Natural Environment of Highland Phrygia • Geomorphology • Rock formations • Natural defensive advantages
Week - 3 Phrygian Settlement Systems • Urban and rural settlements • Settlement hierarchy • Regional organization
Week - 4 Rock Architecture and Settlement Fabric • Rock-carving techniques • Spatial layout • Architectural typology
Week - 5 Phrygian Religion and Cult Systems • The Phrygian belief system • The cult of the Great Mother Goddess
Week - 6 Monumental Rock-Cut Facades • Midas Monument • Areyastis Monument • Unfinished Monument • Hyacinth Monument • Altars
Week - 7 The Spatial Organization of Sacred Spaces • Open-air sacred spaces • Altars • Ritual spaces
Week - 8 Rock Altars and Rituals • Ritual sites • Ritual architecture • Archaeological finds
Week - 9 Defense Systems in Phrygia • Fortress settlements • Fortification systems • Strategic location
Week - 10 Fortress Sites • Midas Fortress • Pişmiş Fortress • Akpara Fortress • Doğanlı Fortress • Yapıldak Asar Fortress • Kümbet Asar Fortress
Week - 11 Transportation Systems and Regional Control • Trade routes • Passes • Transportation networks of settlements
Week - 12 Transportation Systems and Regional Control • Trade routes • Passes • Transportation networks of settlements
Week - 13 New Research and Technologies • GIS • Remote sensing • Surface surveys
Week - 14 Student Presentations and Overall Evaluation • Research presentations • Discussion • Term evaluation

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Assessment Method and Passing Requirements
Quamtity Percentage (%)
1.Midterm Exam 1 40
Final Exam 1 60
Toplam (%) 100

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