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About the Programme Academic Staff Program Qualifications Lessons Matrix of Course & Program Qualifications Turkish Qualifications Framework (TQF) TQF & Program Qualifications
  1. Faculty of Humanities
  2. Department of Archaeology
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  4. Phrygian Archaeology
  5. Description
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Last Updated: 19/10/2026

Code - Course Title Course Type Laboratory + Practice ECTS
ARK465 - Phrygian Archaeology VII. SEMESTER 2 +0 4.0
Language of Instruction Türkçe
Course Type Area Elective Courses
Course Instructor(s) PROF. DR. RAHŞAN TAMSÜ POLAT
Mode of Delivery The mode of delivery of this course is face to face.
Place of Delivery On Campus
Used Educational Platforms Face-to-face
Prerequisites There is no prerequisite or co-requisite for this course.
Courses Recomended There is no recommended optional programme component for this course.
Recommended Resources E. Akurgal, Phrygische Kunst. Ankara (1955)W.M. Ramsay, Historical Geography of Anatolia, Istanbul (1960)C.H.E Haspels The Highlands of Phrygia: Sites and Monuments. Princeton (1971).Haspels, C.H.E. (1951). Phrygie, Exploration Archeologique III, La Cite de Midas, Ceramique et trouvailles diverses. Paris: E. De Boccard.L. Kealhofer, (Ed.) The Archaeology Of Midas and The Phrygians: Recent Work At Gordion. University of Pennssylvania (2005)M.J. Mellink, “The Native Kingdoms of Anatolia”, CAH, vol. III, 2 (1991), 619-665.R.D. Barnett, “Phrygia and The Peoples of Anatolia In The Iron Age”, CAH, Vol.I-II, 1967, 1-33.F. Işık, “The Origin of Western Civilization, Anatolia in Early Iron Age East-West Cultural and Artistic Relations”, TAD, XXVIII, 1989, 1-39.V. Sevin, Historical Geography of Anatolia I, TTKY, Ankara (2001).V. Sevin, Ancient Anatolia and Thrace, İletişim Yayınları, Istanbul (2003).T. Tüfekçi Sivas, Phrygian Rock Monuments Within the Provincial Borders of Eskişehir, Eskişehir (1999). Berndt Ersöz, S. (2006). Phrygian Rock-Cut Shrines. Structure, Function, and Cult Practise. Leiden-Boston: Brill.Bittel, K. (1958). Untersuchungen auf Büyükkale. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient Gesellschaft 91: 57-72.Bittel, K. (1963). Phrygisches Kultbild aus Bogazköy. Antike Plastik II: 7-21.Brixhe, C. (1979). Le Nom de Cybéle. Die Sprache 25: 40-45.Brixhe, C. & Lejeune, M. (1984). Corpus des inscriptions paléo-phrygiennes. 2 vols. Paris: Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations.Buluç, S. (1986). Ankara Reliefs, Turkish History Congress IX, I: 423-433.Çapar, Ö. (1978). The Cult of Magna Mater (Cybele) in Roman History, Ankara University Faculty of Languages, History and Geography Journal 29 (1-4): 167-189. Carrington, P. (1977). The Heroic Age of Phrygia in the Ancient Literature. AS XXVII: 117-127. The Mysterious Civilization of the Phrygians, Yapı Kredi Publications, Istanbul (2007).Phrygians In the Land of Midas, In the Shadow of Monuments (Ed. T.Tüfekçi Sivas-H. Sivas), YKY Publications, Istanbul, 2012.
Work Placement Not Applicable
Aims of the Course The aim of the course is to provide comprehensive instruction on the political history and geography, religion, burial customs, and art of the Phrygian Civilization—one of the peoples known to have entered Anatolia through migrations at the end of the 2nd millennium BCE and who established a powerful kingdom in Central Anatolia in the 9th century BCE.

Weeks Learning Outcomes Topics Teaching Methods
Week - 1 Phrygian Kingdom and Civilisation: Phrygian Region and Geography
Week - 2 The Origin of Phrygians, Problems o Muşki.
Week - 3 Political History of Phrygians
Week - 4 The Foundation of Phrygian Kingdom, Expansion of Phrygian State
Week - 5 The fall of Phrygian Kingdom
Week - 6 Capital Gordion
Week - 7 Phrygian Civilisation: The Social Structure of The Phrygians
Week - 8 The Phrygian Religion and cult monuments.
Week - 9 The Phrygian Religion and cult monuments.
Week - 10 The Phrygian Architecture
Week - 11 Phrygian Burial Customs.
Week - 12 Phrygian Burial Customs.
Week - 13 Phrygian Cultural Structure, Phrygian Handicrafts, Phrygian Metalworking
Week - 14 Phryg Cultural Structure, Phrygian Handcrafts, The Phrygian Metal Works

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Assessment Method and Passing Requirements
Quamtity Percentage (%)
1.Midterm Exam 1 30
Final Exam 1 70
Toplam (%) 100

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